A Study of Psychological Conflict as a Lesbian in Annie on My Mind Novel by Nancy Garden

In life, there are so many problems. Problems also happen in novel. We find various kinds of problems in novel which reflect the main characters' daily life. The problems are sometimes in the form of psychological conflict. this kind of conflict is harder to solve especially for minority people such as lesbian. It is interesting to study about psychological conflict in novel, especially in Nancy Garden novel entitled Annie On My Mind. The novel is about Liza Winthrop as the main character faces her problem as a lesbian. This novel also was banned and burnt because Nancy garden was the first author for young adults to create a lesbian love story. Therefore, the researcher has been interested in studying this problem by formulating three research problems such as: (1) How is psychological background of Liza Winthrop as the main character in Annie On My Mind novel by Nancy Garden? (2) What are psychological conflicts that Liza Winthrop got when she realized that she fall in love with Annie Kenyon in Annie On My Mind novel by Nancy Garden? (3) How Liza Winthrop character in the Annie On My Mind novel by Nancy Garden overcomes her psychological conflict ? The research design which used in this research is descriptive qualitative research since the researcher intends to describe psychological backgorund, psychological conflict, and the way overcome the conflict. The data in this research analyzed into six steps, i.e data collection, data analysis, data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing, and data reportation. The researcher found there are five of Liza's Winthrop character or psychological background that is formed based on her life environment. Those are introvert, masculin, responsible, idealis, and kind-heart person. Those Liza Winthrop's psychological background influence Liza in overcome her psychological conflict which there are two of the most of psychological conflict faced by her, they are approach-approach conflict and double approach-avoidance conflict. Finally, the researcher really hopes for the student to learn fiction deeply and enjoyed analyzing literary works. And for the lecturer in English Literature Department, lecturer can give explanation about analyzing another aspect in the literary works in order students will not bored in learning or studying fiction. Last, but not least, for the further researcher, they could take different way in analyzing the literary works.


Introduction
Every human in this world certainly have problems. Their problem can come from anywhere. For example, problem with personality. Self conflict is a thing that always happen in human beings. Feel confidentless, feel having multiple personalities, or even feel something abnormal in their self. Feeling abnormal is one of the biggest inner conflict in human life. Some of them feel that will be alright, but others will feel distress. For instance, a woman who has feeling to woman, or we common called her as a lesbian or homosexual.This thing will be really complex if the woman live surrounded by people who think it as a taboo. Sexual minority women are at higher risk of despression and anxiety. They, especially youth who identify themselves as lesbian have a higher risk of despression and attempted suicide. It is because of social alienation, discrimination, rejection by loved ones, abuse, and violence. The problem might be more worse when they lack of social support. From the reality that occur in this life, many characters in a novel literary take many kind of conflicts from problem in this life. The conflict is the basis for everything else included in the literary work. Conflict usually creates tension and interest in the story by adding doubt as to the outcome and a person who reads the story usually want to see how a conflict is developed and then resolved.
As researcher explained before, every human in this world certainly have problems. It is also like in the novel, every human beings has the experiences to face conflict in their life. Every conflicts that human beings have in their life, they will find out the way to solve it. Conflict also has close relationship with human psychological. It can influence human psychological. Psychological conflict in human character is one of kind of conflict that usually find in a novel literary. According to the encyclopedia Britanica, conflict, in psychology, the arousal of two or more strong motives that cannot be solved together. As well as a youth who experience a conflict between two desired satisfications that has to choose between two attractive and practicable careers, may lead him to some vacillation. Psychological conflict is a man struggling against himself, his conscience, his guilty, or simply trying to decide what he is going to do (Jones in Astiningsih, 2005 : 12). Lesbian is one of character in a novel literary. Wikipedia state that a lesbian is a female homosexual ; a female who experiences romantic love or sexual attraction to other females. Andhiaty (2007), lesbian is a woman who has an emotional erotic and sexual emotion, especially with women or who see herself particularly with women who identifies herself in a lesbian community. Psychological conflict as a lesbian can be a serious thing that usually find in a real life or in the novel. They are must be face difficulties in the society life which is most of them admire that lesbian is not good, problem, and abnormal thing. So they will ignore lesbian couple, or the worse thing that they will get is isolation from society. The fact that become lesbian means become WURXEOH PDNHU LV SURYHQ E\ 1DQF\ *DUGHQ ¶V novel. Annie on my mind novel by Nancy Garden that was published by Farrar, Straus, and Girout in 1982, the novel with genre young adult, romance, and lesbian. The novel is one of the most challenged and banned novel. As an author, Nancy Garden have to face her best known work was banned by the Kansas City school system and burnt in demonstration in 1993 just because the novel arrise lesbian character which at the time many parents objected. Fortunately, the novel was returned to shelves only after a first amendement lawsuit by student in 1995 and also continues to be printed, checked out of libraries, and stocked on bookstore shelves more than three decades later after its publication. In this novel, there are two main characters, LW ¶V /L]D :LQWKURS DQG $QQLH .HQ\RQ 7KH\ are in the same old 17 and the two become fast friends, although they come from different background. When two of Liza's female teachers (who live together) go on vacation during spring break, she volunteers for the job of taking care of their home and feeding their cats. The two girls stay at the house together, but in an unexpected turn of events a Foster Academy administrator discovers Liza and Annie together. Liza is forced to tell her family about her relationship with Annie, and the headmistress of her school organizes a meeting of the school's board of trustees in order to expel Liza. By the explanation above, the researcher want toanalyze 1DQF\ *DUGHQ ¶V QRYHO HQWLWOHG ³$QQLH 2Q 0\ 0LQG´ IRU VRPH reasons. First is the researcher want to study more about the problems in the novel, especially about psychological conflict that faced by Liza Winthrop and Annie Kenyon as a lesbian couple.Second, there are some conflicts in this novel which is influenced the lesbian character psychological. The way the author expresses the problem is also very entertaining. Third, researcher find the fascinating things with the novel itself. However the novel was banned and burnt, Nancy Garden as a author won the annual award in 2003 when the panel cited Annie 2Q 0\ 0LQG DORQH DQG FDOOHG KHU ³WKH ILUVW author for young adults to create a lesbian love story with a positive ending. Using a fluid, readable style, Garden opens a window through which readers can find courage to be WKHPVHOYHV ´ 1RW RQO\ WKDW $QQLH 2Q 0\ Mind also was awarded the Lee Lynch Classic Award by the Golden Crown Literary Society in 2014, cited as one of the most important classics in lesbian literature. However the reasons above, in this study, the researcher tries to stay focus onthe psychological conflict of the lesbian character of the novel. The novel provides much information to be analyzed. Such as analyzing the psychological conflict faced by the character on the novel. Therefore, the researcher conduct an analysis a novel, entitled ³$ 6WXG\ RI 3V\FKRORJLFDO Conflicts as A Lesbian in Annie On My 0LQG 1RYHO %\ 1DQF\ *DUGHQ´

Definition of Psychological Conflict
According to Jones in Astiningsih (2005:12), psychological conflict is a man struggling against himself, his conscience, his guilty, or simply trying to decide what he is going to do. A conflict is a turning point during which an individual struggles to attain some psychological quality. Sometimes referred to as a psychosocial crisi, this can be a time of both vulnerability and strength, as the individual works towards success or failure. (Alwisol, 2010:134) Based on the previous definition, the researcher concludes that psychological and behavioral conflicts are not in itself an indication of mental or psychological dysfunction. The psychological conflict is a conflict between man himself, his conscience, his guilt or simply tring to decide what he is going to do. Psychological conflicts are of central importance not only in neuroses, but also in psychosomatic disease, sexual deviation, and functional psychosis.

Types of Psychological Conflict
Davidoff in Batete (2007:20), there are types of psychological conflicts: approachapproach, avoidance-avoidance, and single and double approach-avoidance.
(1) Approach-approach conflicts are occuring under two conditions: people are attracted about equally to goals. But, carrying out one goal means abandoning the other. Approachapproach conflicta are easier to resolve than any other type. As you tentatively near one goal, its attractiveness rises. As you emphasize the advantages, you are closer to your choice. At the same time, the appeal of the goal decrease and the conflict ends. People generally resolve approach-approach conflicts easily because they always result in something pleasant. Moreover, the alternatives can be achieved in turn. (2) Avoidance-avoidance conflict is when a person is simultaneously repelled by two goals (objects, actions, or whatever) and obliged to select one. (3) A single approachavoidance conflict is when person is attracted to and repelled by ne goal. A single option, in other words, has a bittersweet quality. (4) Double approach-avoidance conflicts have two goals, each with good and bad points. The only available job is dull but will provide income. Real conflicts may not fit neatly into these categories because people often face more than two choices. Moreover, when examined closely, all options in a conflict have both positive and negative aspects. At the very least, the selection of any appealing option limits other choices; the adoption of any negative option has an attraction, removing the conflict and the anxiety it generated. In short, life conflicts are likely to be of the approach-avoidance type.

Methods
Research design used in this study is descriptive qualitative. A descriptive qualitative emphasizez the qualities of entities, processes, and meanings that are not experimentally examined or measured in terms of quantity, amount, intensity or frequency. (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000:8) In this research, the researcher uses description qualitative because the researcher only discusses on psychological conflicts as a lesbian from Annie On My Mind Novel by Nancy Garden.

Data and Sources of the Data
The data in this research is dialogues of characters and narration which derive from Annie On My Mind Novel by Nancia JDUGHQ DV WKH UHVHDUFKHU ¶V GDWD VRXUFH 7KH researcher also uses any description and deep explanation of words trough the novel being analyzed.
Data source that are used in this research comes from the novel entitled Annie On My Mind written by Nancia Garden Publisher: Farrar Straus & Giroux (Juv); ISBN: 0-374404143; Reissueedition (September 1992). For other sources are taken from some reference booka and some relevant data to support the analysis.

Data Validity
According Denzin (1970) there are four types of triangulation, they are : (a) Data triangulation, which entails gathering data through several sampling strategies, so that slices of data at different times and social situations, as well as on variety of people, are gathered. (b) Investigator triangulation, which refers to the use of more than one researcher in the field to gather and interpret data. (c) Theoritical triangulation, which refers to the use of more than one theoritical position in interpreting data. (d)Methodological triangulation, which refers to the use of more than one method for gathering data.
In this research, the researcher uses two of the types of triangulation, first is theoritical triangulation. Here, researcher use more than one theoritical position in interpreting and supporting the data in the research in order to make the data more valid and also it helps the researcher in better understanding while the researcher make sense of data and information. For the second, the researcher use investigator triangulation which means, the researcher use more than one researcher in the field to gather and interpret the data. And the researcher who act as an investigator or validator is a lecturer who expert in the field.

Technic of Data Collection
In the data collection, the researcher doing process of gathering the data needed in conducting the study. The steps are: 1) Read the whole of part of the novel carefully and repeatedly; 2) Discussing about psychological conflict with peer in order to avoid misunderstanding the content; 3) Folding the important pages which consists of the problem that will be analyzed in study; 4) Marking the important quotation of the novel as references for observation of the researcher; 5) Last, underlining and making a note for the main data that related to the problem which will be analyzed by using some theories, concepts, and approach.

Data Analysis
Based on the development of model of analysis data by Miles and Huberman (2014), the researcher describes the steps into five explanations. They are: 1) Data source, the researcher gets the data from the novel entitled Annie On My Mind Novel written Nancy Garden which published by Farrar Straus & Giroux (Juv); ISBN: 0-374404143; Reissue edition (September 1992); 2) Data collection, the researcher doing process of gathering the data needed in conducting the study; 3) Data reduction, the researcher categorizes and classyfies the data into limitation of study. Not only that, the researcher also codes the data in order to make it easier in identification the data; 4) Data display, the researcher shows the main data which match with research problem, they are: psychological background of main character, psychological conflicts, and the overcome of psychological conflict of main character. The display will be describe in the form description from the comprehension of narrative, dialogues, and thinking of the author which is stated in narrative of Annie On My Mind novel by Nancy Garden; 5) Conclusion drawing, the researcher will verificate the data with recollect the data. Data verification is also mean to find another data which not suitable with data before. If the data same with the data before, the researcher can report the conclusion of the exact data in the study.

Psychological Background of Liza Winthrop
In this part, the researcher found some psychological background which described the personalities of Liza Winthrop as the main character in Annie On My Mind novel.

1) Introvert Liza
Winthrop had an introvert psychological background. It was showed by some actions that she did in every her problem or her daily life. Although in her school, Foster Academy, her position was as a student body president, she still really had no close friends. In data 1A1, in the first line, there was sentence in novel that showed that Liza was an introvert person. The sentence was said by her mother. There, her mother tried to tell Liza that she was also have female close friend only when she was little younger than Liza.
Data : 1A1 ´, NQRZ ZKDW LW ¶V OLNH WR KDYH QR FORVH friends and then suddenly to have one² it happened to me, too, when I was little younger than you. Her name was June, and she was so beautiful I had remind myself not to stare at her sometimes. We loved each other very much, the way you and Annie do²maybe not quite so intensely or quite so²so exclusively, but very much. There was RQH QLJKW ´ (Page 106) 2) Masculin Liza Winthrop was not feminine girl. Her appearance was more looked like boy than girl. In data 1B2, in the last line. showed that Liza was a girl with masculin appearance. When most of girls put conditioner on their hair in order to smooth their hair, Liza even never done it before. So, when her mother had made wear a dress and put conditioner on her hair, she felt that the things was not smell like herself. 3) Responsible Liza was a person with high responsibility. She was a person who will not run from her responsibilities. She would look for how to responsible for what she have to. In data 1C1, she realized that her main responsibility as a council president was to preside at meeting every week. She realized it although for the first time when she was nominated as a student council president, she was wishing that she was homesick in bed with flu, she still accepted the nomination and did the responsibility well. ,Q 1DQF\ *DUGHQ ¶V QRYHO WKH UHVHDUFKHU found that Liza Winthrop as the main character in the novel got some psychological conflict when she realized that she falled in love with Annie Kenyon. They were approach-approach conflict, double approach-avoidance conflict, avoidanceavoidance, and single approach-avoidance conflict.

1) Approach-Approach Conflict
Approach-approach conflict occurs when people were attracted about equally to goals, but only took one goal which means other goal abandoned. The following excerpt of example.
In data 2A1, from the first until the last line, Liza got her approach-approach conflict. It was occured when she was attracted about HTXDOO\ JRDOV $QQLH ¶V NLVVLQJ ZDV ZURQJ EDG DQG VLQIXO DQG $QQLH ¶V NLVVLQJ ZDV VR right, natural, true, and good.
Data : 2A1 ³,--I don't know," I said. It was like a war inside me; I couldn't even recognize all the sides. There was one that said, "No, this is wrong;you know it's wrong and bad and sinful," and there was another that said, "Nothing has ever felt so right and natural and true and good,"and another that said it was happening too fast, and another that justwanted to stop thinking altogether and fling my arms around Annie and hold her forever. There were other sides, too, but I couldn't sort them out. "Liza," Annie was saying, "Liza, I "Better than all those white birds?" I said around the ache that was in my throat again."Because you're better than anything or anyone for me, too, Annie,better than--oh, I don't know--better than what--better than everything--but that's not what I want to be saying--you--you're--Annie, I think I love you." I heard myself say it as if I were someone else, but the moment the words were out, I knew more than I'd ever known anything that they were true. LGPHU ¶V KRXVH LQ 0V %D[WHU ¶V YHUVLRQ Liza wanted tell the truth to her mom, but she could not because her mother was too shock, so Liza thought it would be make her mother in worse condition. Finally, in data 3B2 from the first line untill the last line, VKH OLHG KHU PRWKHU WR SURWHFW KHU PRWKHU ¶V heart to overcomed her conflict.
Data : 3B2 When I went back into the living room, Mom was standing at the window looking out at the new leaves on the gingko tree outside the window."Look," she said, pointing to a small gray bird darting among thebranches. "I think she's building a nest." She turned to face me, and put her hands on my shoulders. "Liza," she said, looking into my eyes,"I want you to tell me the truth, not because I want to pry, but becauseI have to know. This could get very unpleasant--you know that. We can't fight it with lies, honey. Now--have you and Annie--done any more than theusual--experimenting is, I know, a bad word, but I think you know whatI mean. Has there been any more than that between you--more than what I told you was between me and June?" Her eyes were somber; there was fear in them, such fear and such pain, and such love as well, that--I'm not proud of it, I make no excuses--I lied to her. "No, Mom," I said,trying to look back at her calmly. "No, there hasn't." (Page 106-105)

Approach-Avoidance Conflict
In data 3C1 from the first line until the last line, she overcomed her conflict was, at the time, without knowing Annie at all, she just joined with Annie in playing role in the musseum. When she thought that maybe Annie was a crazy person, she even did not walk away and just stayed there with Annie.
Data : 3C1 But I didn't walk away, and in a couple of seconds she turned, smiling. "I'm sorry," she said as we left the room, "if I embarrassed you." "That's okay," I said. Even so, I led Annie fairly quickly to the Hall of Arms and Armor, which I usually go through on my way to the temple.The Hall is one of my favorite parts of the museum--one is greeted at its door by a life-sized procession of knights in full armor, on horse back.The first knight has his lance at the ready, pointed straight ahead,which means right at whoever walks in. Annie seemed to love it. I think that's one of the first things that made me decide I really did like her, even though she seemed a little strange. (Page 6)

4) /L]D ¶V 2YHUFRPH RI $YRLGDQFH-Avoidance Conflict
When in the Trustees Board meeting, Liza got her turn which she was asked about her version of incident in Ms. Stevenson and Ms. : LGPHU ¶V KRXVH 7KHUH VKH JRW WZR FKRLFHV honest or lie. At the time, she did not want to lie anymore,but also did not want to tell everything either. In data 3D1 from the first line until the last line she just told what should she told without spoke it everything clearly to overcomed her avoidance-avoidance conflict.  (2010) which has the same topic; psychological conflict in the main character in novel. In that research, the main character has some characters or psychological background or psychological conditions which formed by the main character life experiences and also formed from the main character life environment. Those findings above are related with Stanton (1965:17) which states that the use of character term itself in any English literature suggests two different definition, firstly as the characters of the story presented, and secondly as behavior, attraction, willing, emotion, and moral principal possessed by the characters. In literature, character is a verbal representation of human being as presented to us by authors through the depiction of actions, conversations, description, reactions, inner thought and UHIOHFWLRQV DQG DOVR WKURXJK WKH DXWKRU ¶V own interpretative comentary. Characters are the life of literature: they are the objects of our curiousity and fascination, affection and dislike, admiration and condemnation. Indeed, so intense is our relationship with literary characters that they often cease to be VLPSO\ µREMHFWV ¶ %HQQHW DQG 5oyle 2004:60). Psychological conflict is a man struggling against himself, his conscience, his guilty, or simply trying to decide what he is going to do. Psychological conflict is one of kind of conflict in which an individual is struggling or fighting their own soul, mind, and other forces or impulses in their own selfness (Jones in Astiningsih 2005:12). There are four types of psychological conflict: approach-approach, avoidanceavoidance, a single approach-avoidance, and double approach-avoidance conflict (Davidoff in Batete, 2007:20). Based on two theories above, the researcher tries to analyze psychological conflict in Annie On My Mind novel by Nancy Garden. In this research, the researcher only analyzed psychological conflict that Liza Winthrop as the main character in the novel. Beside psychological background of Liza Winthrop as the main character in the novel, the researcher also found some excerpt that showed psychological conflict that Liza Winthrop got that stated by Davidoff (2007) such as approach-approach conflict, double approach-avoidance conflict , a single approach-avoidance, and avoidanceavoidance conflict. In this research, researcher found there are two of psychological conflicts that Liza Winthrop often got. They are approachapproach conflict and double approachavoidance conflct. It is because from all her psychological conflict, approach-approach conflict and double approach-avoidance conflict are the most conflict that she have to faced when she falled in love with Annie Kenyon and that feelings came up the problems for Liza Winthrop as the main character. Dafidoff (2007) told that approach-approach conflicts are occuring under two conditions: people are attracted about equally to goals. But, carrying out one goal means abandoning the other. Approach-approach conflicts are easier to resolve than any other type. As you tentatively near one goal, its attractiveness rises. As you emphasize the advantages, you are closer to your choice. At the same time, the appeal of the goal decrease and the conflict ends. People generally resolve approach-approach conflicts easily because they always result in something pleasant. Moreover, the alternatives can be achieved in turn. Double approach-avoidance conflicts have two goals, each with good and bad points.
The only available job is dull but will provide income (Dafidoff:2007). Based on the analysis, the researcher found the way Liza Winthrop overcomes her psychological conflict influenced by her psychological background and also by Davidoff (2007) statement. In this research, researcher found there are two of psychological conflicts that Liza Winthrop often got. They are approachapproach conflict and double approachavoidance conflct. It is because from all her psychological conflict, approach-approach conflict and double approach-avoidance conflict are the most conflict that she have to faced when she falled in love with Annie Kenyon and that feelings came up the problems for Liza Winthrop as the main character. But although it seemed difficult for Liza to face her psychological conflict at first, fortunately because she has psychological background as an idealist person who will live the life with her own ways and her own mind, she can overcome her psychological conflict well. Dafidoff (2007) told that approach-approach conflicts are occuring under two conditions: people are attracted about equally to goals. But, carrying out one goal means abandoning the other. Approach-approach conflicts are easier to resolve than any other type. As you tentatively near one goal, its attractiveness rises. As you emphasize the advantages, you are closer to your choice. At the same time, the appeal of the goal decrease and the conflict ends. People generally resolve approach-approach conflicts easily because they always result in something pleasant. Moreover, the alternatives can be achieved in turn.
Double approach-avoidance conflicts have two goals, each with good and bad points. The only available job is dull but will provide income (Dafidoff:2007).

Conclusions
Based on the analysis, the researcher takes conclusions, first, there are five psychological conditions or background, they are: introvert, masculin, high responsible, idealist, and kind heart person. Second, there are two psychological conflicts that Liza Winthrop often got, they are approach-approach conflict where Liza faced two choices and choose one choice which means she abandone other choice and double approach-avoidance conflict which she have to face two things which each of the choice have negative and positive side. Third, the ways Liza overcomes her psychological conflict, mostly related with people who she loves. Liza did not think about herself enough, she just want other people happy, especially Annie, her lover, because when she knew that Annie more rotten than her, she decided to make Annie happy no matter what. She also cares about her family, that is why she does not tell the truth about her feelings with Annie because she does not want hurt her family. She sacrificies herself by covering the truth because she does not want harm her family and Annie, although finally she felt guilty so much about what was happen.

Suggestion
The resarcher gives some suggestions to others who are interested in this topic. First, for the student, the student can use this research as reference to analyze psychological analysis in other fiction. This research might be giving a new idea to some students to analyzed fiction or the students can use this research to analyze another aspect in the novel Annie On My Mind. Second, for the lecturer in English Literature Department, lecturer can use this research as example of analyzing a fiction, especially psychological conflict. The researcher also suggests to the lecturer to introduce another fiction. Last but not least, for the further researcher can analyzes such as social conflict. Figurative language, moral value, or other extrinsic aspects in Annie On My Mind novel. Besides that, the next researcher also can analyzes psychological conflict in other Nancy Garden novel like Prisoner of Vampires or Lark in the Morning where there are more psychological conflict can be found.