Prototype of Drainage Water Level Monitoring System Using Internet of Things (IoT) Based Web

—Information on water levels needs to be conveyed quickly. So, when the rainfall is high, the supervisory team that monitor the drainage water level needs to be alert move quickly to prevent losses. In addressing these problems, the author will provide a solution in Monitoring of the water level system in the drainage water reservoir so that the operator and maintenance team can find out if there is an over discharge in the drainage water reservoir when the rainfall is very high. By utilizing ultrasonic sensors to detect changes in drainage water level. The ultrasonic sensor used has better reliability than other proximity sensors. In addition, the use of the ultrasonic sensor capability on the prototype is only on the Centimeter scale, and with the help of a buzzer as a reminder indicator (alarm) to find out the water level approaching the sensor. Float switch is also used to determine the water level, namely low, medium and high.


I. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a country located in Southeast Asia which has two seasons, namely the rainy and dry seasons because it has a tropical climate. In the rainy season, rainfall is very high and can last up to six months [1]. Continuous rain causes an increase in the volume of water, this has the potential to cause flooding in various areas [2], [3] Monitoring the level of rainwater is not too heavy a job, but if there is negligence in monitoring the consequences will be very detrimental because it causes flooding [4], [5], the pump installation system at the underground MRT station is very important to monitor because if the pump does not work optimally during high rainfall the MRT train cannot operate due to water entering the rail line.
In addressing the above problems, the author provides a solution in monitoring the water level system in the drainage water reservoir so that the operator team and the maintenance team can find out information about the water level quickly if there is over discharge in the drainage water reservoir when rainfall is very high. So as to prevent losses for the station and passengers. Direct losses from a natural disaster that occur can be seen from the amount of damage to residential buildings, public facilities, and other infrastructure. Natural disasters also affect the availability of labor, capital stock and productivity. Therefore, it is hoped that the water level will be easier to monitor and the communication process between the operator and maintenance teams can be integrated into one unit so that decisions can be made quickly and accurately.
In this study the authors use a float switch sensor for setting and controlling the water level as well as an ultrasonic sensor to measure the water level, the ESP8266 MCU node to control the relay based on SMARTICS Journal, Vol. 8, No.2, 2022, pp.52-58 Prototype of Drainage Water Level Monitoring System Using Internet of Things (IoT) Based Web (Jaya Sihombing) 53 sensor readings, the ESP8266 MCU node is connected to the same WiFi network and the data will be monitored through the website.

II. METOD
In this study, researchers used a descriptive method. Descriptive research method is a research method that seeks to describe and interpret objects as they are in accordance with existing conditions. The research flow can be seen in Figure 1 below.

Figure. 1. Research flow chart
This study describes a symptom, an event that occurs at the present time or an actual problem. Researchers make a description, or design a prototype of a drainage water level monitoring system such as at the Jakarta MRT underground station to retrieve the analyzed data. The block diagram of the system created can be seen in Figure 2  The design made in this study as shown in Figure 2 above includes the relationship between sensors, controllers, and actuators.

Level Sensor
The level sensor used is a float switch as a device that controls/adjusts the water level in the tub automatically [6], [7]. When the water in the tank exceeds the level limit, the sensor sensing the lowest level of the water will give a signal and then the float switch will give a command to turn on the pump.

Ultrasonic Sensor
The ultrasonic sensor as a water level meter will send altitude data which will be sent to the MCU Node as an ultrasonic wave signal and processed into readable data [8], [9].

Controller
Nodemcu ESP8266 is a WiFi module that is SOC (System on Chip), so we can do programming directly to the ESP 8266 without the need for an additional microcontroller [10], [11].

Actuator
The relay will convert the electrical signal into mechanical movement [12], [13] When the water level has reached a certain limit, the relay will send a mechanical movement that affects the activation of the pump.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Hardware design in this research consists of mechanical design and electrical design. The prototype is made of an aquarium as a water reservoir and there are 2 pumps in the aquarium as a drainer as shown in Figure 3. The sensors used are 3 Mechanical Float Switches as a trigger for the water pump and an ultrasonic sensor as a measure of the water level in the container. The results of the electrical design can be seen in Figure 4. In addition, it is added with 1 ultrasonic sensor as an altitude reader. Then the ESP 8266 sends an output signal, namely a buzzer and 2 relays which will be connected to each pump. To provide power to the microcontroller is given a voltage of about 12V from the battery.
After completion of the electrical design, the program is generally carried out at the final stage. In the programming process, it is generally carried out by means of trials, so to do this the electrical components must be able to operate properly. Programming is entering an information or command (coding) into the microcontroller. It is hoped that the tool will function as planned. In software design, the Esp8266 microcontroller uses Arduino IDE software.
The program that will be made will read the water level detected by the float switch sensor and read the water level value detected by the ultrasonic sensor. The read value will be stored by the ESP8266 then the sensor value will send a signal through the ESP 8266 and sent to the Web using the internet network and users can receive notification information from the web. And here is the display of this sign on the web application that has been developed. The next step is testing the float switch sensor which is carried out to determine the pump's work against the water level. Sensor testing is done by pouring water into a box/container starting from a height of 10 cm, 15 cm to more than 20 cm. Based on table 1, the results of the level sensor test carried out to test the pump's work against the water level appeared 3 conditions where 1 pump worked when the water level was 13 cm, then 2 pumps worked when the height was 16 cm and 2 pumps were turned on when the water level was 22 cm.
Tests were also carried out on ultrasonic sensors to detect water levels. To test the ultrasonic sensor is done by comparing two ultrasonic sensors and using a meter to measure the actual water level. The ultrasonic sensor test results are shown in table 2.