Development of a hands-on experiment for one-dimensional straight motion based on IoT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21067/mpej.v10i1.13865Keywords:
Hands on Experiment, Internet of Things, Investigative, KinematicsAbstract
This study aims to develop and evaluate an Internet of Things (IoT)-based hands-on experimental apparatus for one-dimensional linear motion in terms of technical performance, usability, and its initial potential to support students' investigative activities. The study employed a development model comprising conceptual design, design realization, prototype fabrication, and prototype evaluation stages. The prototype was developed by integrating a NodeMCU ESP8266, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, the Blynk application, an electric pulley system, and 3D-printed mechanical components. Technical evaluation was conducted by comparing the position-versus-time data from the prototype with video analysis results obtained using Tracker software. A limited trial was conducted with 12 Physics Education students using a one-group pretest–posttest design integrated with Investigative Science Learning Environment (ISLE) worksheets. Technical evaluation results indicated that the prototype consistently recorded object motion patterns, achieving an value of 0.9992, whereas Tracker obtained an value of 0.971. The limited trial demonstrated moderate improvements in science process skills and graphical representation, with normalized gain (-gain) values of 0.51 and 0.50, respectively. Paired-samples -test results showed statistically significant differences between pretest and posttest scores for both aspects. Student responses toward the apparatus fell into the "very good" category. These findings indicate that the prototype has the potential to support investigation-based physics laboratory activities, assist students in obtaining real-time experimental data, and strengthen the analysis of relationships among position, time, and graphical representations. Furthermore, the use of affordable electronic components and 3D printing highlights the potential of the apparatus as a flexible and relatively easily replicable laboratory alternative.
Downloads
References
Ansari, M., Ali, S. A., & Alam, M. (2022). Internet of things (IoT) fusion with cloud computing: current research and future direction. In International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration, 9(97). 1812–1845. Accent Social and Welfare Society. https://doi.org/10.19101/IJATEE.2021.876002
Asrizal, Khairat, R., & Yohandri. (2024). Remote Laboratory Based on the Internet of Things for E-Learning: A Development Model of Newton’s Law Experiment. Nternational Journal on Informatics Visualization, 8(3). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.62527/joiv.8.3.2241
Bouquet, F., Bobroff, J., Fuchs-Gallezot, M., & Maurines, L. (2017). Project-based physics labs using low-cost open-source hardware. American Journal of Physics, 85(3), 216–222. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.4972043
Brungardt, J. B., & Zollman, D. (1995). Influence of interactive videodisc instruction using simultaneous-time analysis on kinematics graphing skills of high school physics students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 32(8), 855–869. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660320808
Chen, S., Lo, H. C., Lin, J. W., Liang, J. C., Chang, H. Y., Hwang, F. K., Chiou, G. L., Wu, Y. T., Lee, S. W. Y., Wu, H. K., Wang, C. Y., & Tsai, C. C. (2012). Development and implications of technology in reform-based physics laboratories. Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.8.020113
Çoban, A., & Çoban, N. (2020). Determining of the spring constant using Arduino. Physics Education, 55(6), 065028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/abb58b
Dieter, G. E., & Schmidt, L. C. (2021). Engineering Design (6th ed.). McGraw Hill LLC.
Fajrin, S., & Hakim, D. L. (2023). Implementation of low-cost laboratory in education: A systematic literature review. JIPTEK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Teknik dan Kejuruan, 16(2), 163-175. https://doi.org/10.20961/jiptek.v16i2.74489
Holmes, N. G., & Lewandowski, H. J. (2020). Investigating the landscape of physics laboratory instruction across North America. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.16.020162
Husnaini, S. J., & Chen, S. (2019). Effects of guided inquiry virtual and physical laboratories on conceptual understanding, inquiry performance, scientific inquiry self-efficacy, and enjoyment. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.15.010119
Irwandi, I., Sari, I. M., Oktavia, R., & Syukri, M. (2020). MEMS and IoT Applications in ISLE-based STEM Physics Learning Media for Mechanics Topic with LabVIEW Integration. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1462(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1462/1/012066
Istiantara, D. T., Mafudi, I., Handhika, J., Huriawati, F., Astutik, S. W., & Rachman, N. F. (2019). Implementing Microcontroller-Based Straight Motion Practicum Media For Improving Scientific Processing Skills. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1273(1), 12030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1273/1/012030
Kelly, G. J., & Crawford, T. (1996). Student’s interaction with computer representations: Analysis of discourse in laboratory groups. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 33(7), 693–707. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2736(199609)33:7<693::AID-TEA1>3.0.CO;2-I
Kontro, I., Heino, O., Hendolin, I., & Galambosi, S. (2018). Modernisation of the intermediate physics laboratory. European Journal of Physics, 39(2), 025702. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aa9364
Kozminski, J., Lewandowski, H., Beverly, N., Lindaas, S., Deardorff, D., Reagan, A., ... & Zwickl, B. (2014). AAPT recommendations for the undergraduate physics laboratory curriculum. American Association of Physics Teachers, 29.
Lahme, S. Z., Klein, P., Lehtinen, A., Müller, A., Pirinen, P., Rončević, L., & Sušac, A. (2023). Physics lab courses under digital transformation: A trinational survey among university lab instructors about the role of new digital technologies and learning objectives. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.19.020159
Listiaji, P., Taufiq, M., Tirtasari, N. L., Kholidah, A., & Tanjung, N. A. F. (2020). Measurement of air drag as physics experiment enrichment at senior high school laboratory using the air track apparatus. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni, 9(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v9i1.5661
Minh, T., Vo, N., Wang, C.-N., Yang, F.-C., Thanh, V., Nguyen, T., & Singh, M. (2023). Internet of Things (IoT): Wireless Communications for Unmanned Aircraft System. Technology and Science, 23. www.isres.org
Narayanan, S., Sarin, P., Pawar, N., & Murthy, S. (2023). Teaching research skills for experimental physics in an undergraduate electronics lab. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.19.020103
Organtini, G., & Tufino, E. (2022). Effectiveness of a Laboratory Course with Arduino and Smartphones. Education Sciences, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120898
Ou, G., Chen, Y., Han, Y., Sun, Y., Zheng, S., & Ma, R. (2025). Design and Experiment of an Internet of Things-Based Wireless System for Farmland Soil Information Monitoring. Agriculture (Switzerland), 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15050467
Ramesh, S., Sm Bhatt, B., Manjunatha, S., & Kc, D. (2022). Data Acquisition And Alert System Using Blynk Platform. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. www.irjet.net
Rutberg, J., Jammula, D., & Ahmed, S. (2023). Implementation of an investigative science learning environment based laboratory course taught by novice instructors. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.19.020153
Syamsiah, E. N., Taufani, M. R., Aminudin, A. H., Pamungkas, R. S., Fadilla, R. M., & Nabilah, F. N. (2024). Development of the Physics Practicum Apparatus based on Microcontroller: A Prototype Constructed from Misconceptions of Basic Kinematics Concepts. Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika, 10(2), 367-380.
Sze, E., Hindarto, D., Wirayasa, I. K. A., & Haryono, H. (2022). Performance Comparison of Ultrasonic Sensor Accuracy in Measuring Distance. Sinkron, 7(4), 2556–2562. https://doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v7i4.11883
Uzal, G. (2022). The Use of Arduino in Physics Laboratories. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 21(3), 88-100.
Widoyoko, S. E. P. (2016). Evaluasi program pembelajaran panduan praktis bagi pendidik dan calon pendidik (Vol. 6). Pustaka Pelajar.
Zhang, C., Anzalone, N. C., Faria, R. P., & Pearce, J. M. (2013). Open-Source 3D-Printable Optics Equipment. PLoS ONE, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059840
Zhang, C., Wijnen, B., & Pearce, J. M. (2016). Open-Source 3-D Platform for Low-Cost Scientific Instrument Ecosystem. Journal of Laboratory Automation, 21(4), 517–525. https://doi.org/10.1177/2211068215624406
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Momentum: Physics Education Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
.png)
.png)
.png)
