Legal Analysis of Guarantee of Ownership Certificates by Third Parties Without the Owner's Permission: Between Legal Certainty and Protection of Ownership Rights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21067/jph.v11i1.13870Keywords:
Cooperative, Fraud, Good Faith, Land Certificate, Mortgage RightsAbstract
Abstract: The misuse of land title certificates by third parties through fraudulent schemes poses a serious threat to legal certainty in Indonesian land law. The primary issue addressed in this research is the increasing practice of pledging land certificates to cooperatives by unauthorized parties under the guise of sale mediation. This study aims to analyze the legal standing of unauthorized pledging and the synchronization of criminal sanctions regarding the validity of authentic mortgage deeds. The research employs a normative legal method with a statutory approach and a case approach. The findings indicate that pledging a certificate without the owner's consent is an unlawful act characterized by a defect of will and lack of subjective authority, rendering the Deed of Granting Mortgage Rights (APHT) voidable. Criminally, such actions fulfill the elements of fraud and forgery, which, based on the principle of fraus omnia corrumpit, can invalidate the security's executorial power. Cooperatives cannot be categorized as good-faith creditors if they are proven negligent in applying the prudential principle. This research recommends the integration of biometric verification systems in the mortgage registration process to protect the rights of original owners.
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