Reconstruction of Corporate Criminal Liability in Environmental Crimes Post-Enactment of the National Criminal Code
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21067/jph.v11i1.13905Keywords:
Corporate Crime, Environmental Crime, Corporate Liability, National Criminal Code, Environmental LawAbstract
This study examines the reconstruction of corporate criminal liability in environmental crimes following the enactment of the Indonesian National Criminal Code (Law Number 1 of 2023). Environmental destruction caused by corporate activities demonstrates the inadequacy of conventional criminal law approaches that focus solely on individual liability. This research aims to analyze the normative framework governing corporate liability and propose a reconstructed legal model that integrates deterrence, restorative justice, and environmental justice principles. Using normative juridical methods through statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this study finds that although corporate criminal liability has been formally recognized, its implementation remains fragmented across sectoral regulations. The reconstruction model emphasizes integrated liability, asset recovery, administrative-criminal synergy, and victim-centered environmental restoration. This research contributes to strengthening sustainable environmental law enforcement in Indonesia.
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